Immunohistochemical and histopathologic demonstration of the effect of chlorogenic acid on capsular contracture around silicone implants in a rat model

Introductıon: Biomaterials play an important role in medicine to facilitate the recovery of tissue or organ function and healing after injury, disease or other pathological conditions. Implants can also be used in aesthetic surgery applications to reshape the appearance of the facial skeleton and to increase the volume of soft tissue or area anywhere in the body. Silicone breast implants have been widely used for over 50 years for aesthetic breast augmentation or breast reconstruction after cancer. Capsular contracture is the most common complication of breast implant surgery. Capsular contracture is thought to be an inflammatory reaction resulting from collagen production and fibrosis leading to very hard and painful breasts. Although there is a general consensus on the inflammatory origin, the triggers affecting the inflammatory cascade are multifactorial, making it difficult to predict who will develop contracture. Chlorogenic acid used in our study has many pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antimutagenic, anticancer, immunomodulator. Numerous experimental studies conducted by many researchers for more than a decade have demonstrated significant effects of chlorogenic acid for the treatment of chronic diseases progressing with fibrosis (such as liver fibrosis, lung fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, renal fibrosis). Aim: To investigate the effects of chlorogenic acid on the reduction of fibrosis and contraction around silicone implants based on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Materıals and Methods: A total of 24 rats were divided into 3 groups of 8 rats each.The silicone block with a smooth surface was placed subcutaneously on the backs of the rats, one group was followed for 60 days without chlorogenic acid, one group was injected locally and the other group was injected intraperitoneally with chlorogenic acid on days 0, 7, 21, 28, 35, and 42 and the groups were followed for 60 days.At the end of 60 days, the capsule around the silicone block was removed and sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Results: Histopathologically, a decrease in capsule thickness and inflammatory cell density was observed in the groups in which chlorogenic acid was administered intraperitoneally and locally. Conclusıons: As a result of the study, chlorogenic acid was shown to reduce fibrosis around silicone implants in rats when administered locally and intraperitoneally. In this respect, the literature information that chlorogenic acid may be a new anti-fibrotic agent has been strengthened. Key Words: Capsular Contracture, Silicone, İmplant, Chlorogenic Acid, Fibrosis.