Evalution of green inovation adoption of SME's via Fuzzy ISM-MICMAC-DEMATEL

Innovation has become an important tool for the competition, since it increases the efficiency and profitability of enterprises, provides the opportunity to enter new markets and grow in the existing marketplace. Businesses continue to carry out their innovation activities in line with current and probable demands. While the businesses continue their activities, the important point is not harming the environment, as well as innovations which have been realized previously needs to be made sensitively regarding the habitat and the other activities should have an aspect that will reduce the negative effects on the ecology. In the global competition environment, businesses have started to perceive green innovation activities as an opportunity to compete, not a cost item, and their customers' environmental awareness has begun to increase. However, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) cannot adopt green practices due to the various obstacles. In this context, this study aims to analyze the factors that hinder green innovation and green initiatives in SMEs. In this study, firstly, by searching the literature, six main obstacles were determined as "economic barriers", "market barriers", "political barriers", "lack of information", "technological barriers" and "administrative barriers". The opinions of experts from 18 SMEs in the Electrical and Electronics sector were taken and analyzed with the Fuzzy ISM-MICMAC and Fuzzy DEMATEL methods, which are parts of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. The structural relationship model between the fuzzy ISM-MICMAC analysis methods and these obstacles has been revealed. With the fuzzy DEMATEL method, the impact-importance degrees of the obstacles were determined, and their weights were calculated. The obstacles that affect the most, comparing the other hinderances in the hierarchical structure are the "economic" and "political" hinderances. Likewise, the "lack of knowledge" barrier is an obstacle that has a very high impact on the other hinderances in the structure as well. When the importance levels of the obstacles in the hierarchical structure are examined, it has been observed that the obstacles with the most impact are "economic", "lack of information" and "political barriers". The results were consistent in both of the applied methods. On the other hand, the mostly affected barriers were determined as "technological barriers", "market barriers" and "managerial barriers".