Evaluation of anatomical localizations, pathological diagnoses, and stages of patients diagnosed with colon cancer

Introduction and Aim: Colon cancer, a multifactorial disease, is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer type and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical location, pathological diagnosis, and stage of patients diagnosed with colon cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 162 patients diagnosed with colonic malignant neoplasms who admitted to the Gastroenterology Clinic of the Adıyaman Training and Research Hospital of the Turkish Ministry of Health between 14.04.2020-25.03.2025. Categorical variables are presented as frequency (n) and percentage (%). Laboratory parameters were compared according to various clinical and patient characteristics using the Mann-Whitney U Test, Independent-Samples T Test, One-Way ANOVA Test, and Kruskal-Wallis H Test. ROC Analysis was performed to identify variables predicting mortality. Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis was conducted to identify factors affecting mortality. Results: The majority of patients were male (n=88; %54,3) and the mean age at diagnosis was 61.86±13.61. Left-sided colon cancer was observed to be the most common (n=106, %65,4). The majority were found to be Stage 4. The total follow-up period (month) was 20.00 (26.50). It was observed that the majority survived (n=99, %61,1). The total followup period for those who died (month) was 10.00 (16.00). Hemoglobin, Neutrophil Count, and Albumin were determined by gender; Hemoglobin and Platelet were determined by right-left-rectum colon cancer; Ferritin, Albumin, and Total Follow-up Time were determined by stage; Age at Diagnosis, Ferritin, Albumin, and Total Follow-up Time were determined by surgery status; and Age at Diagnosis, Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio, Ferritin, Albumin, and Total Follow-up Time were determined by mortality status. There was a statistically significant relationship between surgery status, colon cancer stage, and mortality status based on right, left, or rectal colon cancer. Age at Diagnosis, Ferritin, Albumin, and Total Follow-Up Time variables were found to be able to differentiate mortality. Increasing total follow-up time was found to increase the risk of mortality. Conclusion: Age at diagnosis and total follow-up time have been found to have an impact on mortality. These findings highlight the importance of considering age at diagnosis and total follow-up time to mitigate the global impact of colon cancer and establish more effective treatment strategies. Keywords: Colon, Colon Cancer, Localization, Surgery, Stage, Age at Diagnosis, Followup Period