The reflection of the transformation from "Village" to "Urban" on Turkish cinema: The period between 1960-1980

Throughout history, mankind has undergone many changes and transformations. In early times, people who lived in caves or tree trunks determined the length of their stay in the area where they lived according to their basic needs. Later, with the onset of technological development, he moved to agricultural production and, of course, sedentary life. After the sedentary life, the first place of man was the village. Later, to continue the agricultural production in the villages, the evolutionary man built the cities, which are symbols of civilization. The cities are structures that differ from the villages in many ways, changing and transforming the people who live in them. The city, which has existed since ancient times, has attracted many people and has become the place where many people dream of living. Cities with many opportunities also have many problems and difficulties. The most important development of cities that has existed since ancient times occurred with the Industrial Revolution. The impact of this revolution on the cities of our country started already in the last days of the Ottoman Empire. The mechanization that started after the industrial revolution was of great importance for the agriculture of our country. The mechanization of agriculture, which continued with the Marshall aid from the USA after 1950, became a turning point for the village area and the villagers. With the mechanization of agriculture, the need for labor in agricultural production decreased. For this reason, people who were unemployed in the village migrated to the cities to work and live in better conditions. Subsequently, innovations in the cities increased rapidly, and after a certain time people began to move to the cities, not to escape the bad conditions in the village, but because they were attracted to the city. The "peasants" who came to the city for one reason or another were influenced by the unique behavioral and thought systems of the city, and were thus changed and transformed. These changes and transformations sometimes led to positive results, sometimes they were painful and troublesome. Urbanization, i.e., the process of migration from villages to cities, and the transformation process of people coming from villages to cities, are frequently addressed in Turkish films made between 1960 and 1980. Since these films originated from the school of thought known as "social realism," the films usually focus on the problems and difficulties of society. In the films, the "peasant" imagined the city only with what he heard, knew it as a place of abundance and fertility, and loved the city without leaving it. However, when he came to the city, he understood the real situation and saw that the city was a place of misery rather than a center of luxury, abundance and splendor. The "peasant" who came from the village to the city still wanted to be like the "city dweller" in his dreams. Sometimes he succeeded, but most of the time he could not achieve this transformation, and life in the city became a great torment for him. All films made between 1960 and 1980 were examined, and more than 200 films were screened. Finally, films dealing with urbanization and urbanization processes that have not been used in similar studies such as this study and that must be treated as in other studies in terms of the representation of the process were selected, and a total of 30 Turkish films were examined.