The coherence of the makki-madani verses in the Qur'anic language

Even though it is one of the early Qur'anic sciences, Makki-Madani is a relatively virgin field, about which there are few independent studies. It can be said that Makki-Madani's close relationship with other Qur'anic sciences decreased the need for it to be independent. Our study aims to evaluate the information that results from fields related to Makki-Madani, and to suggest an alternative reading to the fragmentary Qur'anic understanding which we took as the result of this information and acted accordingly. Makki-Madani's development happened with two methods, namely samai and qiyasi. The information obtained by the samai method is the narrations from the sahaba and the tabiun about whether the verse in question is Makki or Madani. In the qiyasi method, the emerging knowledge owes its existence to elements such as expressions like "O People" and "O you who believe" mentioned as distinctive features of the Makki-Madani surahs, stories of the prophets, aqidah, hadds, fards, verses of sajdah, huroof al-muqatta'at. The absence of any narration from the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) regarding whether the verses are Makki or Madani shows that the field is mostly fed by the data of the qiyasi method. These data, on the other hand, are obtained from the limited narrations, that is, from particular examples, using the inductive method. Undoubtedly, the general distinctive features created through the qiyasi method have increased the functionality of Makki-Madani for other Qur'anic sciences that use it as a tool. But this functionality and the practical benefit it brings has resulted in a clear separation of the two periods of revelation. The main claim of our study is that even the verses revealed in different periods are on the same course and belong to the same whole. Of course, this claim does not ignore the fact that Mecca and Medina are two different bases of revelation, and that the content and style of the verses change when the environment and conditions change. In the research, it is assumed that a higher mechanism that includes these changes ensures the coherence of the Qur'an. This assumption is based on the unchanged style, goals, and main subjects of the language of the Qur'an in both periods. The method of study on this basis is to follow the common themes and styles in the Makki and Madani verses. As a result of this pursuit, it has been determined that there are signs of Madani verses in the Makki verses, and the presence of references and reminders to the Makki verses in the Madani verses. Graduality, which is mostly used through rulings, has been seen to be effective in the course of concepts and subjects in the process of revelation, and in this respect, graduality has been read as a strong element that provides the connection between the two periods. In the study, the repetition of the same messages in both periods over similar contexts is processed as an indicator of the coherence of the Qur'an. Keywords: Ulum al-Qur'an, Makki-Madani, Rulings, Nasikh-Mansukh, Uslub al-Qur'an, Integrity.