Islam and the people of the People of the Book in the Qur'an and its comparison

This study aims to comprehensively examine the characteristics of Islamic society and the communities of the People of the Book, deeply analyzing the differences in their beliefs, values, and social structures. The Jahiliyyah period emerges as a significant phase in the pre-Islamic history of the Arabs, shaping the norms and belief systems that preceded the birth of Islam. Islam seeks to establish strong bonds among individuals by presenting fundamental values such as justice, equality, and social responsibility in response to the societal issues of this era. The Quran emphasizes the importance of justice, reliability, brotherhood, and peace in the social relationships of the Islamic community, encouraging individuals to adhere to these values. These principles play a critical role in ensuring social harmony; Muslims contribute to establishing social order by taking on the responsibility of living out and promoting their understanding of justice. While the Islamic society ensures that individuals consider not only their own interests but also the common good of society, this dynamic fosters the strengthening of social solidarity. In contrast, the communities of the People of the Book have experienced deviations in their belief systems throughout history, which obstruct the establishment of justice in social relationships. The Quran criticizes these communities for failing to uphold their divine revelations, highlighting the erosion of religious values and the weakening of intercommunal trust. The rejection of prophets by the People of the Book leads to a weakening of their belief systems and the dissolution of social solidarity. The comparisons between the characteristics of Islamic society and those of the People of the Book illustrate how principles such as justice, reliability, brotherhood, and peace are shaped in both communities and their social repercussions. The findings indicate that Muslims' responsibilities in living out and promoting their understanding of justice contrast sharply with the attitudes of the People of the Book towards revelation, which result in the erosion of religious and social values. It is believed that this research contributes to a better understanding of the relationships between Islamic society and the People of the Book. The results demonstrate that the formation of individuals and communities around the principles of justice, reliability, brotherhood, and peace will contribute to the healthy functioning of social dynamics and the establishment of social peace.