Analysis of irregular migration movements from North Africa to Europe

In its simplest form, migration is expressed as "the displacement of people over a geography"; It has been one of the most common acts of humanity. Throughout history, people have left their lands for war, famine, natural disaster or political reasons in order to survive; voluntarily or as a result of pressure and threats from others; have been forced to leave temporarily or permanently. The phenomenon of migration; After the World War II, globalization and technology made the nation-state borders more flexible, and with the migration to the international dimension, it became a problem not only of a single society, but also of the international community. The political and economic events experienced after the Cold War, on the other hand, caused a new transformation of the concept of migration and the emergence of the concept of irregular migration, and there was an intense flow of irregular migrants and refugees to Europe. Today, North Africa is one of the most important regions in irregular migration to Europe. In fact, since the 1990s, it is seen that there has been a continuous increase in irregular migration from Africa to Europe. However, the Arab Spring that started in North Africa in 2011 paved the way for the reshaping of the political and economic conjuncture of the region. The peak in irregular migration from North Africa to Europe in 2015 caused the attention of European countries to turn to North Africa. When examining irregular migration from North Africa to Europe, it is seen that North Africa, both as a source and a transit migration region, has formed the most important routes in the increase of irregular migration to Europe. Because while creating a transit zone for irregular migrants from its own continent, it has also become a transit zone from South Asia and the Middle East. Poverty, colonial past and presence of colonial powers, civil wars, Arab Spring, terrorism, weak economy, existence of failed states, social and environmental factors in Africa are the most important factors causing irregular migration wave from North Africa to Europe.