Ibadis of North Africa and imamet thought

The issue of the presidency of Muslims, which is known in the Kalam's books as the matter of grand imamate or caliphate, is considered as the most important and serious problem that has shaken Muslims after the death of the Prophet, who was the religious and political leader of the Muslims. This problem first appeared in Saqifat Benî Sâide. Even muslims were able to overcome this crisis thanks to the experience of leading companions at that time, the debate about this issue appeared again after the death of Othman Ibn Affan and the outbreak of the conflict over claiming his right and taking revenge on those who caused his death. Some took this incident as a pretext to pass their political agendas, taking advantage of these differences that began from the Battle of Al-Jamal to the issue of arbitration and the Battle of Siffin, which crystallized the existing divisions on this issue, and as a result of that many Islamic sects appeared, starting with the Shiites and the Kharijites and others. Originally, this issue was not a matter of belief, but because of the circumstances in which it happened and its importance, it was included within the issues Kalam. The Ibadites who were part of these events on the side of the Kharijites, and after that continued their religious and political journey as an independent sect and party, have also sought throughout history to devote their own concept to this issue, and to apply it on the ground. Therefore, they had many books explaining their political thinking, and they also had attempted to apply it on the ground in Iraq, Yemen, Oman and North Africa, where they succeeded in some countries and failed in others for many reasons. Their presence in North Africa was a political decision to move away from the powerful central Islamic authority in Iraq at the time. And since they do not see the condition of the Qurayshites in the issue of Imamate, they resorted to this region, forming a state that was not destined to survive. However, they managed to maintain themselves as a sect, through the so-called Azzâbe system.