Analysis of the effect of material selection on interior space perception in virtual reality environment

Spatial perception is a multi-layered process involving the psychological and emotional dimensions of how individuals experience and interpret their environment. People do not evaluate space solely as a physical setting, but rather as an environment to which they assign emotional and cognitive meaning. Elements such as aesthetic qualities, functionality, materials used, interior layout, and lighting are among the primary factors that directly shape an individual's perception and relationship with space. Therefore, spatial perception is not limited to physical features; it emerges from a holistic interaction shaped by emotional, cultural, and psychological experiences. This thesis aims to enhance the efficiency of the material selection process and improve user satisfaction by examining the impact of user-centered material choices on spatial perception within an interactive Virtual Reality (VR) environment. The research was conducted with the participation of Interior Architecture students at Kütahya Dumlupınar University and is based on a two-phase experimental method. In the first phase, participants' spatial perception was measured through three-dimensional rendered images of a classroom designed with different materials. In the second phase, the same space was experienced in a VR environment. At the end of each phase, data collected via questionnaires were analyzed using quantitative methods. The findings revealed that natural materials were perceived as warmer and more inviting, whereas artificial materials were found to be more neutral or cold. Furthermore, 87% of the participants considered VR technology to be a powerful tool for supporting user-centered design processes in interior architecture. The study highlights that material selection should be evaluated not only in terms of visual qualities but also through its perceptual and emotional impacts. This thesis demonstrates that the use of VR technology transforms material selection into a more efficient and conscious process in interior design, thereby contributing to the creation of more aesthetic and functional spaces. Additionally, allowing users to experience the designed space in a VR environment as realistically as possible enhances their engagement in the design process and serves as a significant factor in increasing client satisfaction. Keywords: Interior Design, Material, Spatial Experience, Spatial Perception, Virtual Reality