Investigation of the levels of biyo-indicator bacteria in the Kinaliada coastal area

Coastal areas have an important place in island ecosystems.These areas, which may be fragile depending on the impact of human activities exposed and other environmental factors and in addition to domestic, agricultural and industrial activities, it hosts intensive touristic use in spring and summer. For this reason, in this study,the closest contact with the shores of a mainland like Istanbul, among the Prince Islands in the Marmara Sea which is under the influence of the vast majority of the pollution load Kınalıada has been selected as a research area. In order to reveal the bacteriological effect of the pollution factors carried by the coastal area of the Kınalıada and to determine the effects of the seasonal change, surface water. Samples were taken (0-30 m) from 10 stations selected around the Kınalıada in aseptic conditions between June 2018 and May 2019. In the summer period, when the bacteriological load increases, sampling has been done 6 times in seasonal periods during the monthly, autumn, winter and spring periods. Variable environmental parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, temperature) were recorded periodically using the Multiparameter (YSI 556 MPS) with seawater samples. Nutrient salts (nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate phosphor), trophic level indicator chlorophyll-a were analyzed using spectrophotometric methods and the relationship between these results and environmental parameters and indicator bacteria levels were examined. The sea water samples taken were delivered to Aquatic Microbial Ecology Laboratory in Faculty of Aquatic Scıence at Istanbul University on the day of sampling. The levels of fecal coliform, total coliform, fecal streptococci and total heterotrophic aerobic bacteria examined using Membrane Filtration Technique. While the highest total coliform level detected to be 96x103 CFU/100 ml in August 2018, the lowest total coliform level recorded to be 1x101CFU/100 ml in May 2019. During the study period while the highest fecal streptococci level was determined to be 49x103 CFU/100 ml in November 2018, the lowest fecal streptococci level was determined 22x10 2CFU/100 ml in February 2019. While the highest fecal coliform level recorded to be 82x103 CFU/100 ml in August 2018, the lowest fecal coliform level recorded as 2x102CFU/100 ml in February 2019. The highest total mesophilic aerobic heterotrophic bacteria level was determined as 92x1011CFU / ml in July 2018; the lowest value recorded as 1x109 CFU/100 ml in February 2019. Variable environmental parameters recorded for seawater temperature between 25,7-6,89˚C; pH 11,55 -3,60; dissolved oxygen 19,98 -1,66 mg /l and salinity ‰ 29,11-21,18 during the study period. According to the results found throughout the study, the most critical source of pollution that provides bio-indicator bacteria and nutrient salts to the coastal area of the Kınalıada is human activities. The levels of fecal coliform, total coliform and fecal streptococcal determined in Kınalıada coastal area fluctuate depending on the seasons, but these levels are determined above the legal limits. The presence of bio-indicator bacteria detected above the border throughout the sampling shows that it poses a serious risk for ecosystem health and public health. In order to prevent potential danger around the coastal area of Marmara Sea Kinaliada and all islands in contact, bacteriological pollution factors should be monitored in a controlled and fast manner.