The characterization of Mazidaği phosphate and researching its utilization in bone porcelain production

Bone porcelain is the highest quality porcelain variety today. It has a sleeker appearance than the normal porcelain. Bone porcelain is known as the most attractive and most expensive ceramic tableware due to its whiteness, high light transmission and high strength. It is called soft or bone porcelain as 50-65 % bone powder or phosphates constitute its blend. The remaining 15-30% made up of pegmatite and kaolin consisting of quartz and feldspar. In this thesis study, the practicability of bone china using Mazıdağı Phosphate was searched according to the main targets of reducing the bone ash costs used in the production of bone porcelain and light transmittance. Apatite to be used instead of bone ash was obtained from Mardin Mazıdağı. First, XRD, XRF, TG / DTA, Optical Dilatometer, FT-IR, SEM and Grain Size Distribution analysis of the Mazıdağı region phosphate were performed. Then, prescription studies were made and appropriate prescriptions were determined. As a result of the studies carried out, it was found appropriate to use Ukraine kaolin instead of clay and nepheline syenite instead of feldspar in the structure. The porcelain structure produced is characterized by techniques such as XRD, XRF, DTA, Optical Dilatometer, FT-IR and SEM. In addition, basic analyzes such as particle size distribution, water absorption, color, density and light transmittance were performed. As a result, it was determined that the bone porcelain made by casting method using 25% Mazıdağı phosphate is acceptable in terms of light permeability, glazing and color tone. However, deformations and hues of color were observed in the large samples. In addition, positive results were not obtained by press forming. When evaluated in terms of cost, it is determined that Mazıdağı phosphate added bone porcelain is 4 times more economical than commercial bone china sold in the market.