To determine the importance of nutrition in the development of seroma after breast surgery

Aim: To determine the importance of nutrition in the development of seroma after breast surgery. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 albino Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were used at Faculty of veterinary laboratory, Adnan Menderes University. Ketamine (30 mg / kg) and xylazine (8 mg / kg) used for anesthesia. 40 rats were chosen randomly to form 4 groups of 10 rats. Midline incision extending from the sternal notch in the skin after ksifoid, under the skin flap chest wall detachment, major pectoral muscle was dissected thoracic wall. At this stage, brachial plexus, brachial vein and the axillary artery was observed and preserved. These formations preserved and dissected axillary fossa was excised lymph nodes and fatty epithelium. Then the major pectoral muscle where it attaches to 4/0 silk sutures to connect with complete excision procedure. Group 1: As being Control Group they were fed with normal rat food for 7 days preoperatively and on 7th day pectoralis major muscle excision and axillary dissection was made. Group 2: This group was fed 70% of the control Group (Group1) and on 7th day pectoralis major muscle excision and axillary dissection was made. Group 3: This group was fed with protein rich diet and on 7th day pectoralis major muscle excision and axillary dissection was made. Group 4: his group was fed with protein rich diet 7 days before and 10 days after the operation and on 7th day pectoralis major muscle excision and axillary dissection was made. Group 1 was fed with normal rat diet, Group 2 was fed with 70% of the control group (Group 1) normal rat diet, Group 3 was fed with normal rat diet and Group 4 was fed with protein rich diet from the first day until the 10th day of post operation. After the 10th postoperative all transactions days the rats were sacrificed and tissue samples were seromas. Then seroma fluid was measured and seroma results acute phase reactant of inflammation and vascular proliferation and angiogenesis, IL- 1ßeta the basic parameters of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) were analyzed. Results: PP- control groups (p = 0.012), PP -M groups (p = 0.011), P-M between groups (p = 0.047) showed a statistically significant difference in terms of levels of seroma. The median amount of seroma in the control group, 1.5 (1-2.5) ml, the median amount of seroma malnutrition group 1.5 (1 to 2.75) ml, median preoperative protein-rich diet and the amount of seroma in group 1 (0.5 to 1) ml, preoperative, postoperative seroma amounts of protein-rich diet and the group median 0.75 (0.5-1) ml. According to these protein-rich diet and seroma volumes were significantly lower in groups. (p = 0.001), there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of levels of VEGF. (p = 0.183), there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of levels of VEGF. (p = 0.194) in the MP group (p = 0.031), M -PP groups (p = 0.002) showed a statistically significant difference in albumin levels. (p = 0.003) groups fed diets rich in protein; blood albumin levels were significantly higher than those of malnutrition. Significant difference between the groups was in the ratio of vascular proliferation. (Fisher's exact test p = 0.003). PP vascular proliferation rate was lower than in the other groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in the ratio of fibrin. (Fisher's exact test p = 0.059) There was no significant difference between the groups in the rate of bleeding terms. (Fisher's exact test p = 0.178) in the ratio of edema was a significant difference between the groups. (Fisher's exact test p = 0.006). Payout ratio was lower in the PP group. I in terms of congestion, a significant difference between the groups in rate. (Fisher's exact test p < 0.001). Congestion rate of protein-rich diet fed groups were found to be less than the other groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in the ratio of PMNL. (Fisher's exact test p = 0.063) in the ratio of fibroblast significant difference between the groups was detected. (Fisher's exact test p = 0.003). PP group than the other groups were found to be less than the rate of fibroblasts. In terms of the proportion of lymphocytes significant difference was found between the two groups. (Fisher's exact test p < 0.001). PP group than the other groups were found to be less than the rate of lymphocytes. A significant difference between the groups in terms of the ratio of macrophages. (Fisher's exact test p < 0.001). PP group than the other groups were found to be less than the rate of macrophages. Increases of fibrous tissue between the two groups were not significantly different in terms of the ratio. (Fisher's exact test p = 0.083) Conclusion: In accordance with the data obtained in this study, the experimental mastectomy, axillary dissection model, the preoperative and the postoperative period was concluded that high protein diet feeding reduces the formation of seroma. Only preoperative high protein diet fed group, although not significantly different than the other groups, preoperative and postoperative seroma in the amount of protein-rich diet fed group were significantly decreased. Therefore, preoperative and postoperative nutrition is important in the prevention of the formation of seroma. Effect of nutrition on reduction of seroma formation in terms of supporting the effectiveness of mitigation, numerous and extensive studies are needed. Key Words: Breast Cancer, seroma, nutrition