Company establishment procedures and corporate governance infrastructure in legislation and pratical practices: Türkiye-Iraq comparison

In this study, the concept of the company in general, the types of companies in Iraq and Turkey and the characteristics of each, as well as the establishment of these companies and the accounting processes related to the formation of the capital of these companies are introduced. Bureaucratic processes, their history, development, definition and features, as well as their pros and cons were also explained. The concept of tax has also been explained due to its importance in providing obsolescence and welfare today. The tax system in Iraq and Turkey was also explained, and the basic rules governing the tax were also discussed. The characteristics of the tax are also explained in the declaration, tax types (direct and indirect) and other tax types such as (single and multiple tax), (in-kind and personal tax) and (proportional and progressive tax). In addition to the importance and types of tax liability, tax liability and tax-like liability have also been determined. In addition, the importance and divisions of tax liability are discussed. There is no doubt that governance has gained great importance in the world now. Recently, there has been increasing talk about corporate governance and its role in improving economic, investment and financial performance, and it has become necessary to implement and monitor systems in most departments to ensure the rights of shareholders, investors and society. For this reason, the emergence, development and history of the concept of corporate governance has been recognized. In addition to the benefits of corporate governance implementation, in addition to corporate governance implementation mechanisms, its fundamentals, Parties, features, importance, objectives and application principles are explained. It was clarified where companies can benefit from corporate governance practice and the obstacles to its implementation in Turkey and Iraq. In addition, corporate governance is discussed in some countries such as the United States of America, European Union countries, Germany and the United Kingdom, and in Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, Syria and Sudan. Finally, the obstacles and problems in the implementation of corporate governance and the internal and external determinants of governance are discussed. In addition to identifying administrative and financial corruption, its causes and forms, some cases of bankruptcy of some companies and banks such as Imar Bank, Enron, Demir Bank were identified. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Company Establishment, Corporate Accounting, Bureaucracy, Turkey-Irak