According to historians of the Islamic sects, those who fought against Ali İbn Abi Talib (Sample of Ibn Hazm)

After the death of the Prophet Muhammad, Muslims differed on many issues, especially on the issue of imamate. The period when these conflicts, which existed during the first three caliphs, were experienced the most, was undoubtedly the period of the caliphate of Ali ibn Abi Talib. In this process, which started with the martyrdom of Khalifa Uthman and progressed with the wars of Jamel and Sıffin, these conflicts on the basis of imamate-politics reached such a level as to spill the blood of the Companions during the reign of Khalifa Ali. In this study, it is aimed to examine this period, which had a significant impact on the History of Islamic Sects, from the perspective of a History of Sects author. The findings of Ibn Hazm, who grew up in the Andalusian civilization and has a competence in many branches of science, about this period are quite remarkable. In his book called Al-Fasl fi'-Milal wa'l-Ahwâ wa'l-Nihal, he states that the events that took place during the reign of Khalifa Ali are not only religious but also sociocultural and political events that separate people from each other. While Ibn Hazm explained that Khalifa Ali was right in his claim to imamate, he also made deep analyzes about the Kharijites who fought against Khalifa Ali. For the first time, he explains in detail what kind of mentality, attitude and behavior of this group, which disguised a political event as a religious one. Evaluating the situation of those who participated in the Battle of Jamel, he states that they were different from those who justified fighting against Khalifa Ali in the Battle of Sıffîn. Explaining the reason why Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan fought Khalifa Ali, he states that Muawiya was a mujtahid who made a mistake and got one good deed for his mistake.