Montmori̇lloni̇t destekli̇ geçi̇ş metalleri̇ yüklenmi̇ş katali̇zörleri̇n sentezi̇, karakteri̇zasyonu ve bi̇yokütle türevi̇ karbonhi̇dratlardan furfural ve hi̇droksi̇meti̇lfurfural (5-HMF) üreti̇mi̇ i̇çi̇n kullanimi

In this study, the catalytic production of platform chemicals such as furfural, 5- hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid from biomass derived sugars were investigated. For this purpose, montmorillonite (MMT) supported transition metals (10% Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co) loaded catalysts were synthesized and characterized (BET, XRF, SEM-EDX, XRD). The initial studies were conducted with cellulose and hazelnut shell to select the transition metal. Then effect of process parameters such as metal loading rate, temperature and amount of solid in the presence of both the hydrothermal media and the synthesized catalysts by using C5 (xylose), C6 (glucose) sugars and cellulose were studied. Maximum productivity of the chemicals was obtained with Cr-MMT catalyst. The highest HMF yield as 25.31% was obtained at 180 °C, using 1.25 g glucose with 5% Cr- MMT while, levulinic acid yield was 11.36% at 200 oC. The maximum amount of furfural was determined as 50.17% when using 5 g of xylose with 5% Cr-MMT at 180 °C. Maximum HMF yield was obtained as 10.88% using 5 g cellulose with 10% Cr-MMT at 220 0C, levulinic acid yield was 9.04% under the same conditions.