Göstergebilimsel Şiir Çözümlemesinde Göstergenin Nedenliliği: Baudelaire'in Recueillement, Apollinaire'in La Cravate et la montre, Ponge'un L'Huître Adlı Şiirleri

This master's thesis focuses on the concept of linguistic motivation, and the textual analysis possibilities it offers in the context of poetic semiotics. The arbitrariness of the sign, defined by Ferdinand de Saussure as one of the fundamental principles of language, depends on the absence of a logical relationship that could justify the link between the signifier and the signified. According to this conception, which has served as a model for the modern sciences of language, the relationship between the two facets of the sign is based on social convention, and thus lacks motivation. The Paris School of Semiotics offers a theoretical approach that is linked to the structuralist tradition initiated by Saussure's linguistic work. It has made a major contribution to the development of literary semiotics, thanks to the fundamental concepts and methods of analysis proposed by its founding members, Algirdas Julien Greimas, Jean-Claude Coquet and others. This scientific discipline, which originated in the 1960s, is primarily concerned with the analysis of narrative texts, offering at the same time a framework that can be adapted to the study of poetic ones. The main reference for the methodology adopted in this study is constituted by Essais de sémiotique poétique, a collection, edited by Greimas, of analyses and theoretical discussions by semioticians such as Jean-Claude Coquet, Jacques Geninasca, François Rastier, Julia Kristeva, among others. The introductory article by Greimas, "Pour une théorie du discours poétique", defines the motivation of the sign as a quality that characterises poetic language, identifiable by the realisation of non-arbitrary relations between the plane of expression and the plane of content. Poetic discourse, thanks to its motivated nature, is therefore distinct from other types of discourse where the arbitrariness of the sign dominates. However, poetic motivation does not imply a perfect isomorphism between the two planes of language. To put this methodology into practice, three texts are selected to form the corpus of analysis: Recueillement by Charles Baudelaire, La Cravate et la montre by Guillaume Apollinaire, and L'Huître by Francis Ponge. Keywords: poetic semiotics, poetic motivation, arbitrariness of the sign, Ferdinand de Saussure, Paris School of Semiotics, Algirdas Julien Greimas, Jean-Claude Coquet, Charles Baudelaire, Recueillement, Guillaume Apollinaire, La Cravate et la montre, Francis Ponge, L'Huître