التجارب الأولى لتأسيس مصارف إسلامية في مصر: دراسة تقييمية في ضوء الأهداف والنتائج

The thesis deals with the first attempts to establish Islamic banks in the Arab and Islamic worlds by studying the first three experiences of establishing Islamic banks in Egypt, which are: local savings banks; Which is considered the first attempt to establish a bank that operates in accordance with the principles of Islamic economics and the provisions of Islamic Shairah, Nasser Social Bank; The first official Islamic bank (government) in the Islamic world, even if it was not called an Islamic bank, and Faisal Islamic Bank, the Egyptian branch, which is a unique experience as a private Islamic bank that was established with joint Egyptian-Saudi capital, and private entities and Egyptian government entities participated in its founding. The research addressed these experiences through the descriptive, analytical and comparative method. It dealt with these experiences from a historical perspective. In terms of the political, intellectual and social conditions that paved the way for its establishment, the challenges it faced, and the goals and activities it carried out, through available sources, the research analyzed these experiences through the available strengths, weaknesses, challenges and opportunities. It also compared these three experiences to find out The similarities and differences between them, and to identify the success factors and reasons for failure for each experiment. The research concluded that the experience of savings banks succeeded to a large extent in proving the possibility of banking without dealing in forbidden usury and fixed interest. It was the first building block for Islamic banking, and the beginning of a long journey for Islamic banks in Egypt and in Arab and Islamic countries. It was also able to achieve most of its goals by spreading the culture of saving among citizens, rationalizing their consumer spending, and directing this saved money into projects to develop the local community. It concluded that the experience of establishing the Nasser Social Bank was an important and influential step in attempts to establish Islamic banks, as it was the first experience to adopt The government of an Islamic state has the idea of Islamic banks that operate according to the principles of Islamic economics. The study recommended attention to establishing social banks that operate in accordance with the provisions of Islamic Sharia, working to achieve solidarity in society, assist the needy, and support society in times of disasters and economic crises. Keywords: Islamic banks, Deposit banks, Nasir Bank, Faysal Bank