Problems of teachers before and during Republican era (1920-1927) according to muallimler mecmuası

The subject aim of this research is to determine Problems of Teachers before and during Republican Era (1920-1927) and It is limited only to their economic and legal problems. In this research, It is intended to exhibit what kind of problems teachers had before and during declaration of the Republic. During the research, historical research method has been used and volumes of Muallimler Mecmuası (Teachers' Magazine), published between 1920 and 1927 have been studied. Mualilmler Mecmuası consists of 54 volumes and each volume includes approximately 10 to 12 articles. In general, this magazine is on teachers, schools, Ministry of Education and teachers' meetings. Additionally, works produced by researchers; newspapers and documents issued in this period and information provided from online sources have been studied through document examination method. In our research, activities of teachers' organizations that were active in Turkey between 1920-1927 and their connection to professional teaching have been a key point to exhibit. Later, in addition to economic and legal problems of teachers in Muallimler Mecmuası, information about current situations of teaching schools and about their visible problems has been studied.The standpoints of Maarif Vekaleti (Ministry of Education) and Muallimler Cemiyeti (Teachers' Community) towards the matter has been aimed to be identified. In the end of the research, It has been realized that no serious attempt to solve the problems of teachers in this period was made, and current problems, therefore, did not find a resolution.Teachers who experienced economically hard times started to do additional jobs to maintain their lives and some of them quit their professions for other sectors. That Turkey's economic situation was not good between 1920-1927 due to the wars, was also influential on lack of solutions to these problems.