Stoic philosophy in the context of happiness doctrine
2014
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Advisor: Doç. Dr. Mehmet Önal
Abstract (EN)
The Ancient Greek Philosophers of Nature, who mostly searched for information on physics and logic, produced some moral thoughts and disciplines as well. However, moral hadn't been seen as an important and serious philosophical problem until the Sophist and Socrates studied it. But only Plato and Aristotle could develop systematic moral philosophies that are both consistent in itself and with other fields of philosophy. The moral doctrines and philosophies that were developed throughout the first age, were all trying to find the way of happiness. While some of them did it by developing systematic moral philosophies, such as Plato and Aristotle, others did it by developing simple happiness doctrines. The Stoics and the other Hellenistic-Roman schools were the ones who developed the most important happiness doctrines. Their moral thoughts about wisdom, virtue and happiness were mostly derived from the previous philosophers' thoughts, especially Socrates, The Socratic Cynics and Aristotle. The Stoics studied only about moral and values without systemizing them with other philosophical fields. They studied for six hundred years and they could develop a happiness doctrine that consisted of some rules and advices for desperate man, but not a proper philosophy. The Greek citizens and philosophers had lived in their free city states without any financial or social problems before joining the imperial state, so they had had adequate time and chance to think about anything they wondered and develop theories in many fields. But after the collapse of these city states and their being occupied firstly by Macedonian and then by Roman Imperials, they no longer could think just for curiosity. They had to produce some thoughts for the individuals to cope with the new and merciless world around them. The new philosophers' duty was to help the new desperate citizens to find happiness inside them by ignoring all externals and give them some consolatory advice. As the Stoics came into being in such a period, they formed a happiness doctrine that advised the human beings to repel pleasure firstly and be moderate and content with his own inner qualifications by ignoring external demands such as a good situation in society, wealth, health, reputation etc. The only way to get happiness was to be virtuous, to keep in spiritual calmness and of course to have a life that is in harmony with Nature and the Reason.
Author
Dr. Yasemin Kaya
How to Cite
Yasemin Kaya (Master Thesis). Stoic philosophy in the context of happiness doctrine, 2014, İnönü University.
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