Numerical analysis of spinal cord stimulation with different electrode designs

Spinal cord stimulation is a pain management technique that uses pulsed electrical energy near the spinal cord. Previously, pulsed energy was applied in the intrathecal space, but now leads with electrodes are implanted in the epidural space. This study investigates the effects of different electrode configurations on electrical parameters such as cathode, anode, current density, electrical potential, and distance between electrodes in contact with the spinal cord. This study used a detailed anatomical spinal canal model with Epidural Fat, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), and Gray and White matter to examine the distributions of electric potential and current density in the spinal canal. The charge per phase and charge density values at different frequencies were also studied using eight-shaped electrode combinations and quadruple and nine-electrode configurations. The results showed that electrode configurations can generate significant differences in spinal cord stimulation.