Investigation of the protective effects of neurotransmitters in the oxidative stress induced chromosomal damage

Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the World. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and some biological agents are used in the treatment of different types of cancers. In addition, antioxidants, which are considered to have less side effects, may use as a good agent to prevent cancer and reduce the risk of several diseases. Oxidants that can occur during normal metabolic activities in the body and it can cause many diseases such as cancer. It is possible to control these reactive oxygen species, which can damage cell functions, with antioxidant substances taken by healthy diet. Reactive species are known to be the cause of cancer and many other diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of neurotransmitters. The fact that the effect of dopamine on cancer development is not fully understood has made the use of dopamine a priority. When considering at the serotonin studies taken from the through body diet and also produced from essential amino acid tryptophan, it was seen that there were studies about the pathological evaluation of the tumor. The effect of serotonin on cancer has not been sufficient in in vitro test studies, thus making it a priority in the study. Melatonin is known as an antioxidant neurotransmitter that regulates the naturally occurring biological clock in the body. Melatonin directly inhibits oxidative enzymes by acting on free radicals and stimulating antioxidant enzymes. It performs with carrier receptors like other neurotransmitter. The carrier receptors MT1 and MT2 increase the survival rate by stimulating apoptosis. Naturally synthesized in the body, these neurotransmitters can be used as a combination therapy for many types of cancer in the future by reducing the adever-event profile of agents with strong advers events, such as chemotherapy. In this study, stress conditions were created by using H2O2 on TK6 lymphoblast cells which is human origin cell line. The effects of oxidative stress on chromosomal damage by applying H2O2 on TK6 cells in vitro conditions were also threated with different doses of dopamine, serotonin, melatonin and combination of these. Genotoxic effects were investigated by using micronucleus technique. Micronucleuses/binucleated cells ratio and created dose response curves were compared to each other. In the dopamine test group, it was observed that the MN / BN ratio tended to increase with the doses in both the Dopamine treatment with different doses and in the hydrogen peroxide treated group. MN test showed genotoxic effects. P value was calculated as 0.0021 in comparison with F test for PI values calculated by application of dopamine control group and H2O2 doses. It was considered clinically significant. It was observed that the toxic effect of dopamine increased due to the increase in dose in vitro, but the frequency of MN decreased at 100 micromalar concentration. It was observed that the toxic effect of dopamine increased due to the increase in dose in vitro, but the frequency of MN decreased at 100 micromolar concentration of dopamine. Accordingly, a high concentration of dopamine dose may lead to apoptosis or necrosis. In the serotonin group, it was observed that the MN / BN ratio tended to increase with the given doses both in the serotonin treatment administered in different doses and in the hydrogen peroxide treatment group, but a decrease was observed after the 100 μM dose. The F test was calculated as 0,1855 by comparing the 2 curves and was not considered clinically significant. Serotonin doses and serotonin doses in the serotonin group were found to be statistically significant difference in the comparison of Pi (p<0,0436) H2O2 data. In the melatonin-treated and hydrogen peroxide group, the MN / BN ratio obtained by F test was calculated as P <0.5083 and this finding was not clinically significant. In the comparison of melatonin doses and H2O2 Melatonin doses with F test for Pi values, the correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.007) and P value were calculated as 0.6952. Clinically it not considered significant. Dopamine Serotonin Melatonin doses and combination H2O2 concentration were measured by F test. Correlation (r2 = 0.1201) was calculated and p <0.0732 was not clinically significant. The correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.01) and P <0.6410 of the dopamine serotonin melatonin doses and H2O2 combination doses were compared with the F test for Pi values. This finding was not considered clinically significant.