Optimizing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks by using linear programing equations

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) it is set of sensors deployed in a specific geographic area to sensing particular action, then relays the data to one or more base station to manage it and take actions. Sensors are tiny devices supported with limited power source generally, represented by the battery. These sensors are designed to work in unattended fields for a long time months or years. So sensor life is the most important factor in the network. We have to extend sensor lifetime as much as possible to prolong the network lifetime. Hence the network lifetime can be defined as a time from running the network till they die off first nodes in the network. Therefore, we try to make energy consumption in the network that is controlled and balanced among sensors, avoiding dies one or more sensor before the others. Many methods and manners can be used to save energy and improve network lifetime, such as data aggregation, mobile nodes, transmission power control, node deployment, and clustering. In this thesis, the problem of "unbalance energy consumption" has been studied to maximize network lifetime as much as possible in the wireless sensor networks. In such networks, all sensor nodes collect and transmit data to one base station through multi-hop communications. The nodes deployment is uniform. This situation generates heavy traffic load in the nodes near to the base station. In this study, a linear program (LP) method has been studied for modeling the theoretical features of the uniform node distribution strategies in wireless sensor networks. Our results indicated that node deployment and base station location have significant effects on the energy consumption of sensor nodes. Proposed node deployment models can affect the energy consumption and can balance energy depletion between sensor nodes. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Network lifetime, Node deployment, Linear Programing.