The transfer of knowledge in Medieval Baghdad (800-1258)

Education is defined as a phenomenon that creates a permanent change in behavior in the desired direction. People are the center of education. Man has been sent to this world to attain perfection by learning. In this case, the issue of knowledge has emerged and shaped as a result of human needs. It is also developed with a sense of curiosity. The historical development of science has shown regression or improvement from time to time. In what period did the historical beginning of this change undertaken by science begin? The main factor that enabled the adoption of scientifıc activities and institutions that made Islamic civilization a scientifıc civilization is the Qur,'an's view of science. As a matter of fact, the Qur'an is a product of reading and writing. A teacher was needed because learning came into play in acquiring knowledge. The Prophet was sent as a teacher. The Prophet Muhammed was sent as a teacher to a society that was completely devoid of human values and education. In this case, what the Prophet had to do was to bring about a change in the social structure. It was supposed to guide people based on work, religion, morals and education. When the Prophet received the first revelation, he started teaching his first students (Ebubekir, Hatice, Ali and Zayd). Lazer, he continued this education secretly for 3 years, and then the number of students increased Later, upon receiving the order of the public invitation, he started to openly train. First of all, he made an invitation to his close relatives with the invitation he gave at his home. Then, the Prophet Muhammed continued his religious education at Darül'Erkam. Thus, this house has the distinction of being the first place of education. On the other hand, when the Meccan polytheists began to hinder Muslims, some Muslims, continued their education by opening private mosques in their own homes. Among them, St. We can give an example of the Qur'an that Abu Bakr recited in his mosque. Then we can give the house of El-Erkam bin Ebul Erkam as an example. The Prophet Muhammed started his planned and systematic education in Medina due to the availability of the environment. For this, it has started to open places that will primarily provide training. With the Hijra, the Prophet started to build mosques. Thus, the first systematic training was started. The Prophet built the Masjid an-Nabawi in order to carry out collective education. The process that started in this way formed the core of the transfer of knowledge within the Islamic civilization. Afterwards, These educational activities, which started in the period of the Prophet continued by developing during the Four Caliphs Umayyad and Abbasid Periods.In the periods after the opening of the Masjid an-Nabawi, masjid, mosque, küttab,etc. Educational institutions were opened and knowledge transfer was ensured thanks to these educational insititutions. The four caliphs and the masjid, mosque, quttab, educational,institutions in the Umayyad Period changed and developed during the Abbasid Period, revealing the madrasahs.Education, which was semi institutional until it, came to madrasahs, has turned into a full institutionalstructure. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the Abbasid Period was the golden age of Islamıc civilization.Both the systematic translation activities of Educational institutions in the Abbasid Period and the support of the Caliphs to scholars and education are the most important indicators of this. Abbasid Baghdad madrasahs played an important role in transferring knowledge to Medieval Baghdad.The madrasahs, in which science is institutionalized, have formed the roots of today's campus style universty structures with its well-equipped staff and talented madrasas.