Studies on a population of cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus L.) in Middle Sakarya region

Turkey holds the second largest Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus population in the Western Palearctic although it is under threat due to anthropogenic factors. A general lack of information on breeding sites and countrywide distribution creates difficulties in the conservation of the species. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to describe new breeding sites, breeding success, and nest tree and site selection, Fieldwork was carried out in the Middle Sakarya Region between 2010-2012. After 95 field visits, a total of 123 nests were identified in three different nesting areas. The numbers of breeding pairs were 32 in 2010, 46 in 2011 and 42 in 2012. Breeding success was 78%, 73% and 54% in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. A total of 33 variables were analyzed using pairwise statistical tests and Random Forest modelling to determine their relationship to nest site selection. Results showed that there was significant preference for older and flat-topped Black Pine trees that grow taller than the canopy. Orography, forest structure and anthropogenic factors had significant influence on nest site selection and breeding success in the region. Moreover, the largest known Cinereous Vulture colony has been discovered by this study. Forestry and recreational activities are determined to constitiute a major threat, and it is necessary to take urgent precautions in order to conserve the species in Turkey. Keywords: Cinereous Vulture, Middle Sakarya Region, breeding success, conservation, nest site selection