Ottoman-Dutch relations(1795-1814)

The Ottoman State established relations with many foreign states since its establishment. The Dutch Republic is one of these states. The relations with the Dutch Republic, which later turned into a kingdom, started as commercial ones. These commercial relations later evolved into political ties. The Ottoman State lent to support the Netherlands, which was fighting a war of independence against Spain, which, in turn, was warring against the Ottoman State. Thus, this first diplomatic relation was established in 1604 when the Netherlands provided assistance to prisoner Muslims. Thanks to improving political and economic ties, Cornelius Haga was appointed as the first Dutch ambassador to Istanbul in 1612. The first ahidname (literally bill of oath) was issued to the Netherlands owing to Haga's political skills and efforts by Kaptan-ı Derya Halil Pasha. It contained the same capitulations issued to France and England. This was r ahidnâme enewed in 1680. The bilateral ties that wavered in 1785 were severed when Napoleon invaded Egypt. The ties resumed again and the Ottoman State opened a consulate in the Netherlands in 1804. The ties acquired a new dimension with the establishment of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1814. The political and economic ties between the two states were discussed. This thesis work the books of rulings were utilized in this context. Keywords: Ottoman, Dutch, Cornelius Haga, Ahidnâme, Netherlands.