Policy transfer from the Ottoman Empire to Sweden the case of public inspection (Ombudsman)

In this study, a theoretical analysis of how the ombudsman has developed within the framework of policy transfer by preserving its essence starting from the emergence process and the theoretical analysis of the return of this policy to where it emerged in the context of boomerang correlation. In order to determine the historical origins of the ombudsman, which is an example of policy transfer in this study, and to reach the initial reference point of the policy, we analyzed the essence of the policy by comparing Islamic periods, Ottoman and Swedish judicial and administrative inspection structures. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that the Supreme Ombudsman (Högste Ombudsmannen) was emerged as a new structure in 1713, inspired by the Ottoman administrative structures, especially the office of the Grand Vizier and the Mehayif Inspection of Qadis. This administrative structure also emerged as a voluntary transfer from the Ottoman Empire following the five-year stay of Sweden King XII. Charles in the Ottoman Empire lands, and then learned by Europe, after that it evolved into a compulsory transfer then back to Türkiye. In this process, it has been observed that the past preferences of decision makers for the ombudsman system, which spread through policy transfer, have created a certain learning and acceptance in historical process and created a traceable path-dependent correlation by influencing future decisions. In addition, based on this research that a policy can leave a trace where it originated, take a trace from where it originated and can return to where it originated through policy transfer in the historical process. Within this aspect the diffusion process of the ombudsman system has been explained and made sense of with the boomerang correlation approach in policy transfer.