The comparison between Parliamentary System and Presidential government system regarding the public administration: The example of Ministery of Defence

The debates about the government systems in Turkey have continued for a very long time. These debates on both the parliamentary system and the presidential system occupied the public opinion in certain periods; however, Turkey was ruled with parliamentary system until 2018. Considering the content of the discussions, it is clearly seen that these discussions are mostly made in the political arena and the appropriateness of systems for Turkey's administrative system are not taken into account in terms of academic and theoretical aspects. Under these circumstances, the referendum was conducted in Turkey on April 16, 2017 and with the result, the Presidential Government System, a different type of presidential system, was acknowledged by the abandonment of the parliamentary system. In this study, firstly the researcher examined the parliamentary system theoretically and regarding the public administration, compared parliamentary system practices in Turkey with practices in the United Kingdom, where parliamentary system was used firstly. In this way, similarities and differences between the two countries have been identified. Then the same topics have been evaluated for presidential system in the United States where parliamentary system was used firstly and Turkey and presidential systems in these two countries are compared in terms of public administration. With the governmental system change in Turkey, Ministry of National Defense is one of the institutions which has been exposed to the most changes. However the ministry has been hosting many well-established institutions and organizations since the history of Republic and there are very limited research studies about it. In this study, the effects of the Presidential Government System on the Ministry of National Defense has been examined in detail. The current situation of the Ministry of National Defense, which has gained a new structure with the system change, has been compared with the examples in the UK and USA and discussed in terms of public administration. Key Words: Public management, parliamentarism, presidentialism, Presidential Government System, Ministry of Defence