Investigation of the genotoxic effects of reactive orange 16 dye in the textile industry using PCR-based molecular methods

With the transition to the mechanization process, the textile industry has become an industry branch that supports the economic development of countries and providing the basic vital needs of human beings. In the textile industry, many chemicals and water are used in the production stages. There are heavy metals and chemical substances in large quantities in the wastewater that is released as a result of the processes carried out. While the textile wastewater that is released causes genotoxic effects, it also causes digestive, respiratory and some skin diseases. The chemicals in the textile wastewater block the sunlight, causing an increase in the biological oxygen demand, and in this case, it inhibits the photosynthesis and re-oxygenation processes. In this study, Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye used in the textile industry was applied at different concentrations (5ppm, 10ppm, 50ppm, 75ppm, 100ppm and 150ppm) to the roots of Allium cepa at different periodic times (24, 48 and 72 hours). The genotoxic effects of RO16 dye were analyzed in comparison with RAPD and ISSR-PCR, one of the molecular marker methods based on polymerase chain reaction. In line with the comparative analyzes and data obtained from ISSR and RAPD-PCR analyses; It was revealed that reactive orange 16 dye causes differences in amplification band profiles and thus DNA damages depending on time and concentration in the genome of A. cepa. As a result, it has been determined that different doses of RO16 dye, which is widely used in the industry, have potential genotoxic effects at the DNA level in living things.