Hypoxia, apoptosis and oxidative stress in patients with periodontitis.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the apoptosis and oxidation mechanisms in systemically healthy Stage III and IV, Grade C periodontitis patients in relation to clinical status. Additionally, correlation between clinical status, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers is examined. Materials and Methods: Study group consists of 30 systemically healthy individuals diagnosed with Stage III and IV, Grade C periodontitis between ages 18 and 45. Control group consists of 29 systemically and periodontally healthy individuals between ages 18 and 45. Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, IL-1β, TNF-α, HIF-1α, TAOC, TOC measurements were made in saliva. Identification of reactive oxygen molecules was carried out by Luminol and Lucigenin-mediated Chemiluminescence in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) samples. Plaque Index(PI), Gingival Index(GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) , Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and tooth mobility were recorded. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to examine the distribution of the data. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare clinical parameters and biochemical findings between study and control groups. Pearson Correlation Analysis was performed to examine the correlation between clinical and biochemical variables. All statistical analyzes in the study were performed using SPSS, v.22.0 statistical software. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: CAL, PI, GI, PPD, OSI, TNF-α, Luminol-mediated and Lucigenin-mediated Chemiluminescence findings and Caspase-3 level were found to be strongly correlated. Age, PI, GI, PPD, BOP, CAL, Mobility, TNF-α, Caspase-3, TAOC, TOC, OSI, Luminol-mediated and Lucigenin-mediated Chemiluminescence findings were found statistically significantly different in the periodontitis group compared to the control.