Numerical modeling and comparison of factors affecting perovskite solar cells efficiency

The significant development of perovskite solar cells in the last decade and their extraordinary electrical and optical properties have attracted the attention of researchers around the world. In just a short time, perovskite photovoltaics achieved a very high efficiency of 25.7% and as a result emerged promising for the future of the photovoltaic market. In this study, using SCAPS-1D software, different structured perovskite solar cells simulation and factors affecting performance were investigated. The factors affecting the efficiency studied are the thickness of the absorber layer and the defect density, series and shunt resistors, perovskite energy band gap, ambient temperature, perovskite doping density, materials of the electron carrier layer (ETL) and hole carrier layer (HTL), and conduction band offset (CBO). and valence band offset (VBO). In addition, by utilizing the results obtained, an optimization process was carried out to improve the efficiency of MAPbI3, FAPbI3 and MASnI3 based perovskite solar cells. By optimizing the final results of the simulation, 29.7% for MAPbI3, ideal device efficiency of 30.21%, realistic device efficiency of 14.63% for FAPbI3, and 31.35% for MASnI3 were obtained. In addition, a total of seven types of perovskites modeling processes, including three types of lead and four types of lead-free, were performed and the comparison of the effects of different factors and performance was examined. As a result, the simulations examined have been proposed for possible processes to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells and can be a guide for subsequent laboratory experiments.