Pieniny Milli Parkı topraklarında toprak nemi ve sıcaklığının dinamiği

Changes in land use can impact soil moisture levels and temperature, which in turn affect various soil properties including nutrient availability. The objective of this study is i) to evaluate the interactions between two land use systems - a meadow and three forested areas as well as the dynamics of soil temperature and moisture under similar pedo-climatic conditions in the Pieniny National Park conservation area in the Carpathian Mountain System of southern Poland and ii) to assess the relationship between soil and slope direction by using the data that have been collected from soil temperature and moisture sensors. This study included four soils in Pieniny National Park in Poland such as meadow and three forested areas. Physical and chemical characterization of these soil exhibited that meadow has acidic soil whereas forest soils are acidic to alkaline. In addition, soil organic matter content was higher in forest soils than the soil of meadow. Among all soils, February exhibited the highest moisture content and the lowest temperature, while August showed the lowest moisture content and the highest temperature. Moreover, notable seasonal variations were observed in soil moisture and temperature. Soil temperature experienced a sharp increase from autumn to summer, followed by a decline during spring and winter. Conversely, moisture content significantly increased from spring to winter and decreased from autumn to summer. Notably, the soil temperature was higher on north-facing slopes in the forest soils, while the south-facing slopes consistently had higher soil moisture. Additionally, across all soils, there was a linear correlation between soil moisture content, soil temperature, and depth in the soil profile.