Synthesis of iron nanopparticules (FeNPs) with water extract of Plantago lanceolata L. (plantagrass), congo red dye removal and determination of biological activity

In this study, iron nanoparticle was synthesized from Plantago lanceolata L. water extract by green synthesis method. The structural, morphological and optical properties of SOE@FeNP synthesized by the green synthesis method were characterized by analyzes such as UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, DLS. In the characterization study of the synthesized NPs, though their dimensions vary, it was determined that it has a cubic structure with an average size of 8 nm. In order to determine the effectiveness of the obtained SOE@FeNP on Congo red dye degradation, a study was conducted with different initial dye concentration, different initial adsorbent, different pH and two different temperatures. In the study in which optimum adsorption conditions were determined, it was found that the highest dye adsorption was with 15 mg SOE@NPs at pH 8, at 25 °C at 50 ppm initial dye contrast. Under these conditions, it has been determined that the nanoparticle has a dye adsorption capacity of 99,9 %. While the anticancer activity of nanoparticle and plant extract was found to be 71,8 % - 84,4 % respectively at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL, SOE@FeNP and Plantago lanceolata L. extract against control in A549 cancer cell line, it was determined at a concentration of 500 µg/mL in the ratio of 65,6 % -82 %, respectively. Cell viability of Plantago lanceolata L. extract against the SH-SY5Y cell line at concentrations of 1000 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL showed a neurotoxicity of 83,3 % - 73,8 %. SOE@FeNP did not show neurotoxicity activity of 12,4 % - 28,9 % against SH-SY5Y cell line at 1000 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL concentrations. DPPH removal activity of Plantago lanceolata L. plant extract was calculated as 78,86 ± 0,65 % and DPPH removal activity of SEO@FeNP as 89,79 ± 0,21 %. The metal chelation activity of Plantago lanceolata L. plant extract was 13,52 ± 0,98 % and the metal chelation activity of SEO@FeNP was 74,40 ± 0,79 %. In antimicrobial activity, SOE@FeNP was found to have a higher efficacy than Plantago lanceolata L. plant extract. As a result, it has been shown that the synthesized iron nanoparticles have high dye adsorption capacity and have biological activity such as anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial. Keywords: Green Synthesis, Nanoparticle, Water Treatment, Congo Red, Plantago lanceolata L., Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antimicrobial