Development of electrochemical immunosensor for early diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome

Hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularity, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are all symptoms of PCOS. One of the most important tests in PCOS is testosterone testing (testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG). SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) is a plasma glycoprotein that is produced and released into the circulation by hepatocytes. Measurement of SHBG is the assay of choice or a great indicator for the interpretation of bioavailable testosterone associated with hyperandrogenism. Electrochemical immunosensor technology has been particularly successful for clinical diagnosis and remains an active area of research. In this study, the sensor was fabricated by one-step electrochemically deposition of highly conductive gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and amine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (NH2-RGO) nanocomposite, via one-step electrochemical deposition. This method was not only in situ reductions of HAuCl4 and graphene oxide but also increased electrocatalytic performance. Different analytical techniques confirmed the morphology and structure of the AuNPs/NH2-RGO nanocomposite. In addition, the antibody (Ab) was immobilised on the modified electrode surface through the self-assembly monolayer. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) voltammetry methods were used to measure Ab and antigen (Ag) interactions. The as-fabricated sensor demonstrates a dynamic linear range of 0.6-12 nmol/L and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.03 nM. toward SHBG detection. The AuNPs/NH2-RGO-based sensor can be used as an excellent tool for future prospective clinical diagnostics applications. Keywords: Electrochemical, Electrodeposited, Hormones, Immunosensor, Nanomaterials, PCOS, SHBG Antibody