Primat testis transkriptomlarının üreme tipi farklarına cevaben yakınsak evrimi

In independent mammalian lineages where females mate with multiple males (multi-male mating strategies), males have evolved larger testicles relative to those lineages where females mate with fewer males (single-male mating strategies). This convergent evolution of relative testis size is attributed to the sexual selection acting as the immense sperm competition between males of multi-male mating lineages. Here I analyze bulk testis transcriptomes of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, rhesus macaques, mice and rats in attempt to detect traces of convergent evolution of gene expression and find that bulk testis transcriptomes also appear to be convergently evolved. Then, using deconvolution I compare the relative (postmeiotic + meiotic) versus (premeiotic + somatic) cell type ratios (or testis tissue composition) among testes of the species analyzed and show that convergent patterns seen in bulk testis transcriptomes are largely attributable to cell type composition changes among testes of species. However, analyzing cell type-specific gene expression data from spermatocytes and spermatids of humans, rhesus macaques and mice, I show that there is also convergent evolution at the cell-autonomous level, albeit in modest amounts when compared with bulk testis convergence. Finally, I analyze testis development data from mouse and macaque to show that when the adult bulk testis transcriptomes are compared against testis development of said two species, single-male species like human and gorilla are paedomorphic relative to bulk testis transcriptome profiles of multi-male primates, chimpanzee and macaque. This suggests that shifts in the timing or the rate of testis development could explain convergences in relative testis mass, tissue composition and bulk transcriptomes.