Malos of Pisidia: The historical development of an ancient city

The city was shaped around the acropolis extending in the north-south direction. The agora was built to the east of the acropolis in a trapezoidal plan over an area of about 100 meters in the north–south direction. There are rows of shops to the east of the agora, which is partially built on a flat area. The city is largely protected due to its topography. For this reason, the defense system of the city was shaped by the topography. Due to the region where the city was founded, it is situated along road networks. For this reason, the city maintained its importance for a long time and became one of the important cities in the Pisidia Region during the Hellenistic Period and the Middle Ages, when defense was important. Accordingly, during the Hellenistic Period and the Middle Ages, the city and the settlements in the countryside were fortified and strengthened, and especially watchtowers and castles were built along the road networks. Although the Hellenistic Period defense system of the city can be partially traced due to the long‑term settlement, the medieval acropolis defenses can be clearly traced. The long‑term use of the city is also reflected in the settlement pattern. Although the urban fabric has changed due to long‑term settlement, it provides important data on the Hellenistic Period and the Roman Imperial Period. In addition, the ceramic data … are another element that provides information about the long‑term use of the city. In line with the available data, it is understood that the continuous occupation that started in the Hellenistic Period ended with the Turkish conquests in the 12th century AD.