Treatment effectiveness and reliability in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism diagnosis who received radiofrequency or microwave ablation treatment

ABSTRACT The aim of the study to retrospectively investigate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided microwave ablation (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We conducted a retrospective single-center study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MWA and RFA for PHPT between May 11, 2017 and May 15, 2023. Laboratory tests were performed before and after ablation and were checked at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after ablation. The primary outcome was success rate. Secondary outcomes were complications and dynamic changes in serum PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels after ablation. The study included 89 patients (mean age, 63±10.5 years) with 91 parathyroid nodules (median maximum diameter, 1.6 cm) who underwent MWA or RFA. The success rate of the technique was 98.6% (88/89). The success rate was 84.6% (75/89) for Ca and 74.2% (66/89h) for Ca and PTH. Pre-ablation PTH level was the factor associated with the success rate (. P<0.001). There was no difference in the success rate between the MWA group and the RFA group for Ca (82.7% vs. 86.49%, p = 0.971). The success of Ca and Pth (73.1% vs. 75.7%, p = 0.976). The only significant complication was transient hoarseness (2 patients). In conclusion; US-guided MWA and RFA are effective and safe treatment methods in the treatment of PHPT. Pre-ablation PTH level is the main factor affecting the success rate after MWA and RFA treatment.