Risk factors, distribution of pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility and mortality of ventilator associated pneumonia in reanimation intensive care units

Hospital infections are an important public health problem in developed and developing countries.In this study; we evaluate the risk factors that cause Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), the distribution of pathogens, the antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogens and the mortality of the patients at Intensive Care Unit (ICU).The patients older than 16 years who were connected to the mechanical ventilators more than two days and hospitalized at ICU were accepted for the study. The SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analyses. p<0.005 was accepted as the significant value.This study included 87 patient and 28 (32.1%) developed VAP. The mortality rate was 39.3% at VAP developed patients and 33.9% at non-VAP developing patients. The duration of hospital stay (p<0,001) and the duration of mechanical ventilation (p<0,001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p=0,012), hypertension (p=0.041), tracheostomy (p<0,0001), nasogastric tube (p=0,006), re-intubation (p<0,0001) were risk factors of VAP. By the Logistic regression analyses; the re-intubation (p=0,008) and tracheostomy (p=0,001) are evaluated as independent risk factors.The most common organisms isolated were Acinetobacter spp (54.5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.3%). Colistin resistance of isolated Acinetobacter spp was 12.5% and the resistance to the other group of antibiotics is higher than 80%. We found the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the fluorokinolons and beta-lactam antibiotics were between 10-20%.In conclusion we cannot completely keep away from hospital infection; however it is possible to reduce high additional costs, prolonged hospitalization durations and mortality caused by such infections by the effectively maintenance of the infection control programs.