Regional-Based LEACH for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

Prolonging the stability period of the lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN) with better throughput has been a major area of focus for researchers over a long period of time. In this thesis, we considered some existing protocols taking into consideration ways of improving them by eliminating the challenges to achieve better performance indices for WSNs who have transmission power, computational and energy constraints. This thesis describes a Regional-Based LEACH routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The proposed Regional-Based LEACH is a centralized clusterbased protocol for extended stability period of the WSNs. The thesis aims to achieve these better energy efficiency and throughput in WSNs by incorporating sub-regions to the sensing field. Cluster Head for each region based is elected based on their residual energy and the RB-LEACH incorporates Base Station mobility. This results in the energy consumption relatively uniform across all nodes, which extends the stability period of the WSN. Extensive simulations have been carried on MATLAB and the results have shown significant improvements by RB-LEACH over the stability period of the lifetime of the WSN with a 95% confidence level. This has led to better throughput and better sensing field coverage. Keywords: WSN, LEACH, Network Lifetime, Throughput, Energy Efficiency, Stability period.