The developmentof shia in the period of the Safaids

After the Prophet Muhammad passed away, different sects were established under the roof of Islam. When the reason for the emergence of these sects is investigated, it is understood that some of them emerged due to political, some due to ethical and procedural differences. At the same time, many states were established in the name of Islam. The Safavid state was also a Muslim-Turkic state established under the of Islam. Although much research has been done on this state, some parts remain obscure. According to the information found in the history books, the dynasty that founded this state was a follower of Ahl'i-Sunnah in the early days, but in the course of time, due to some political reasons, they adopted the Shia sect. The most important political reasons were, firstly, the system of "succession" in the ancient Iranian dynasties, and secondly, the fact that the neighboring states of the Safavids were of the Sunni sect. There is a dispute as to which dynastic leader led the Safavids to change their sect. The general consensus and opinions of historians are recorded on this issue. The administrative and intellectual similarity between the two states was noted with a lot of references to the ancient Iranian state traditions. This similarity is not limited to the Safavid state, but is also very common in Shia thought. The other most debated issue in the history of the Safavid state was the issue of lineage. Like the sectarian issue, the issue of lineage was based on purely political reasons. After the sectarian conversion and the establishment of the state, Sunnis were severely persecuted and tortured to change their sect. Not content with the murders of Sunni scholars, same time scholars such as Abu Hanifa and Fakhrettin Razi were exhumed from their graves and their bones were exposed. The reasons for this manner of the Safavids and this bloody policy pursued by Shah Ismail are recorded. At the same time, they went too far in religious thought. This manner of the Safavids was not well received by the Sunni Uzbeks and the Ottoman Empire and led to the expedition of the first Islamic Caliph of the Ottomans, Yavuz Sultan Salim to Iran and the battle of Chaldiran. The Safavids also fought with the Uzbeks and massacres took place in the city of Herat. Although the belief system of the Safavids was based on Shia, the teachings of the Qizilbash were dominant. The beliefs of the Qizilbash were unsystematic and unsourced. This false belief of the Qizilbash was eliminated by the Muhajir ulama. vii Imami belief played a dominant role. In the second period of the Safavid state a very different policy was pursued. In this period, which began with Shah Tahmasb, it is observed that scholars invited from abroad were appointed to state posts. Thanks to the scholars, the scholarly class became stronger and the "Merjiyyat" position was established. After a while, the scholarly class played a major role in the authority of the Shahs. This position of the scholars and the weakening of the Safavid state led to the emergence of the theory of "Velayat-e-Faqih". Keywodrs: Shah Ismail. Safavids. Shia. Rafizi. Aqaid.