Components of health expenditures: The example of founder countries of the world health organization

Health economics, which has become an important sub-sector of economic growth, is used in national and international comparisons. Because health economy variables give information about the economic growth of the country and affect the economic growth. In this study, the conceptual framework of the concept of health, basic health indicators, health economics, expenditure and services are explained in detail. The health sectors of the Founding Countries of the World Health Organization used in the analysis were compared. In terms of middle income trap, the effect of health, economic and demographic variables on economic growth has been revealed and the variables that are the subject of the last section are determined under this effect. In the last part of the panel data analysis, the founding countries of the World Health Organization were divided into lower middle, upper middle and high income countries. This distinction was made because the relationship between the variables determined in terms of the effectiveness of the middle income trap and the income levels of the countries was investigated. Another aim is to measure the effectiveness of these factors and to determine the effects of health, economic and demographic variables in the growth process of countries so that countries do not get stuck in the middle income trap and move to the next level. The model was determined for each country group, and the basic assumptions consisting of varying variance, autocorrelation and cross-section dependence were tested. After the conclusion reached with these assumptions, the model was reconstructed with a new estimator and reinterpreted. After checking at which levels the series were stationary with the unit root test, Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis was performed to look at the causal relationship between the variables. The relationship between the variables used in health economics, with each other, with other sectors and with the middle income trap has been examined. As a result of the Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis applied in the study, it was seen that the variables subject to the analysis were effective in sustaining the economic growth of the lower middle and upper middle income countries. However, these factors did not have an effect on keeping the growing economy of high-income countries stable, and it was determined that they should focus on macroeconomic variables other than the factors.