Health systems comparison of some countries: Suggestions for Turkey

All over the world, there is a general acceptance that every individual has the right to a healthy life regardless of religion, language, race and socio-economic status. However, the most important condition for benefiting from human capital with maximum efficiency is that individuals are healthy. In this context, each country transfers significant resources to the health sector in order to increase the health status of its citizens. The efficient use of resources allocated to health in a country is of great importance both in terms of the country's economy and socially. Since countries allocate a significant part of their resources to health services due to increasing health expenditures due to the aging population, the emergence of new disease conditions and the development of medical technology, analyzes for the measurement of efficiency in the field of health have gained importance in recent years. While the increase in health expenditures continues depending on different factors in each country, it is possible to argue that negative effects can be observed both in the health systems and in the social and economic indicators of countries with low expenditure efficiency if practices are not implemented to increase the efficiency of the relevant expenditures. In this context, the realization of efficiency in health services is one of the most important conditions for economic stability and growth, and every country should consider this rule when determining health policies. At this point, it is of great importance to evaluate whether resources are used efficiently or not, and to measure the success of systems by making comparisons between countries, in order to determine policies that increase efficiency. In this study of titled with "Comparison of Health Systems on the Basis of Countries: Policy Recommendations for Türkiye", which was put forward in this direction, the efficiency of health systems was compared on the basis of countries, and points to be considered for Türkiye were determined. In this context, first the conceptual framework of health systems was drawn, and then the health systems used in selected countries were examined. At the end of the study, the efficiency of health systems was compared using Data Envelopment Analysis, and the reasons for effectiveness and ineffectiveness were evaluated for each country. In line with these reasons, some suggestions have been presented by considering the factors that threaten sustainable efficiency for Türkiye. Keywords: Health system, Health financing models, Health policies, Turkish health system, Comparison of health systems.