Determination of hydrogeology and water quality of spring waters of sason (Batman) and surroundings

In this study, samples were taken from various natural spring waters used by the public in Sason district center of Batman province and analyzed in rainy and dry periods and the aim was to determine the quality of the relevant waters in the light of the data obtained and to evaluate the risks to public health. For this purpose, water samples were taken from 10 selected points. In the in situ measurements made in the field from the springs, it was determined that the pH values ranged between 7.18-8.32 for the dry period and 7.23-8.37 for the rainy period. Temperature (T) values of the waters were measured between 11.3-190C in the dry period and between 10.7-19.20C in the rainy period. Electrical conductivity (EC) value varies between 268-776 in the dry period and 253-790 in the rainy period. Except for source S3, all other sources are classified as "good", while source S3 is classified as "usable". Piper, Durov, Schoeller and Wilcox diagrams were prepared from the analysis of water samples taken to determine the quality of spring waters. According to these diagrams, water samples were classified as Ca+Mg>Na+K carbonate and sulphate waters, HCO3+CO3>Cl+SO4 (weak acid roots>strong acid roots) and carbonate hardness>non-carbonate hardness. According to Durov diagrams, the main cation is Ca and the main anion is HCO3. According to Schoeller diagrams, the waters are generally fed from the same origin. According to Wilcox diagrams, these waters generally have low SAR values and medium salinity and fall in the C2-S1 zone. Only the S2 spring falls in the C3-S1 zone with high salinity. Distribution maps of some elements were prepared by using the results of the analyzes carried out to determine the pollution of the spring waters for drinking water purposes, and also compared with the I.T.A.S.H.Y., US EPA, EC and WHO standards. When the examined waters are considered in terms of drinking water use, they do not contain values that would pose a problem in terms of basic anion cation contents. However, due to the heavy metals As, Ni, Cr, Pb, Se and Mn, which are above the limit values, the use of these waters carries a risk for public health and the spring waters should be kept under constant monitoring and supervision.