Investigation of the effect of temperature and panel angle onphotovoltaic panel electrical properties

To get more electricity from a photovoltaic solar panel, the temperature of the solar panel should be low and the intensity of the solar radiation falling on that panel should be high, which means that the PV solar panels must be pointed directly at the sun. The aim of this work is to achieve two main goals. The first goal is to examine the operating temperature and panel tilt angle (solar radiation) factors that affect the performance of the 285W Mono-solar panel in terms of electrical properties such as short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, maximum power, fill factor and panel efficiency using Matlab Simulink. In the range of the operating temperature (10 ℃: 40 ℃) and the tilt angle of the panel (0°: 75°), it has been found that the maximum output power of 249 W can be generated by the selected panel under the conditions of the operating temperature of 10 ℃ and the tilt angle of 60° (radiation 800 W/m2), and the minimum output power of 98.28 W can be generated under the conditions of the operating temperature of 40 ℃ and the tilt angle of 0° (radiation 412 W/m2). At constant temperature (20 ℃), it was found that an increase in solar radiation by 10 W/m2 caused an increase in short-circuit current, opencircuit voltage, maximum power, and efficiency of the 285W Mono-solar panel by 0.09 A (≈ 0.97%); 0.03 V (≈ 0.082 %); 2.7 W (0.94 %); and 0.071 %, respectively, and a decrease in fill factor by 0.012 %. On the other hand, it was found that at constant solar iradiation (60° ≈ 800 W/m2), 1℃ increase in panel temperature of the 285 W panel causes a decrease in open circuit voltage, maximum power, efficiency and fill factor by 0.25 V (≈ 0.638 %), 1.71 W (≈ 0.599 %), 0.75 %and 0.180 %, respectively, and an increase in short circuit current by 0,043 A (≈ 0.047 %). Within the scope of the second objective of the study, the monthly optimal tilt angle values of solar panels that can be installed in Yenimahalle district of Ankara were determined as 63°, 54°, 41°, 23°, 9°, 0°, 4°, 19°, 35°, 51°, 62°, and 62°, respectively starting from January. The optimal panel tilt angles for the annual, summer, spring, fall, and winter seasons were determined to be 33°, 9°, 24°, 48°, and 60°, respectively. When the monthly optimum angle of inclination is used, the annual solar radiation energy received is 1919.07 kWh/m2 and the electrical energy produced by the panel is 406.17 kWh; When the seasonal average optimum tilt angle is used, the annual solar radiation energy received is 1899.15 kWh/m2 and the electrical energy produced by the panel is 401.96 kWh, and when the annual average optimum tilt angle is used, the annual solar radiation energy received is 1820.64 kWh/m2 and the electrical energy produced by the panel is 385.34 kWh.