Schopenhauer's critique of Kant's antinomies

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate Schopenhauer's criticism of Kant's antinomies in terms of justification and reasonableness. Antinomies are philosophical conflicts of reason. Antinomies imply the art of dialectics and the possibility of the concept of contradiction. In the introduction of this thesis, we touched upon theses close to our research topic. We scanned Kant's and Schopenhauer's definitions of the world from their works. We showed three classes of studies evaluating antinomies. We examined how the Leibniz—Clarke correspondence, one of the sources of antinomies, proceeded through the concepts in antinomies and the concept of God. In the first part of the thesis, we discussed mathematical antinomies. In the first antinomy, we analyzed Kant's and Schopenhauer's concepts of time and space from their works; we examined how Kant presented the proofs of the antinomies and discussed Schopenhauer's criticisms of these presentations and proofs. In the second antinomy, we analyzed the philosophers' concepts of simple and composite; we examined how Kant presented the antinomies and discussed Schopenhauer's criticisms of the proofs. In the second part of the thesis, we discussed the dynamic antinomies. We analyzed the definitions of the concepts of causality and freedom in the third antinomy from the works of both philosophers; we analyzed Kant's presentation of the proofs and discussed Schopenhauer's criticisms of the presentation and proofs. We analyzed the concepts of contingent and necessary in the fourth antinomy from the works of Kant and Schopenhauer; we analyzed how the fourth antinomy is presented and discussed Schopenhauer's evaluations of the proofs. In the third part of the thesis, we examined Schopenhauer's criticism of Kant's solution to the antinomies and his evaluation of antinomies in general. In the conclusion, we discussed the antinomies and our preliminary conclusions from a broader perspective. In the conclusion, while summarizing the thesis, we tried to make connections to other issues and give conclusions that point to new knowledge.