Molecular epidemiology of Beta lactamases in ceftazidime resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates

Pseudomonas are widely distributed in nature and plays an important role in the regulation of organic material. Most species are pathogenic for plants and animals. P. aeruginosa causes opportunistic infection and rarely causes disease in healthy people. It may be colonized in healthy individuals with the perineum, the external auditory canal, axilla, sub-humid areas, such as the gastrointestinal tract. Neutropenic patients or adults under mechanical ventilation are at greater risk, especially, during or after treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics, P. aeruginosa due to ventilator associated pneumonia. In this study, we aimed to submit antibiotic susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa strains and was to determine phenotypic and genotypic resistance enzymes such as PER, GES, KPC, VIM, IMP and OXA in hospitalized patients at Afyon Kocatepe University School of Medicine. Antibiotic resistance rates in the study with 195 samples of P. aeruginosa ceftazidime 100%, gentamicin 11.8%, tobramicin 6.2%, piperacilin 44.1%, amikacin 8.7%, aztroenam 60.5%, cefepime 50.2%, ciprofloxacin 26.2%, levofloxacin 31.3%, imipenem 48.2%, meropenem 47.2%, tazobactam piperacillin 90.8% ve ofloxacin 47.2%. Inducible beta lactamase studied with double disk induction method and 174 strains were pozitive. 60 of 195 samples were positive for ESBL scanned by double-disk synergy test. Metallo beta lactamase enzymes were determinated by phenotypically MBL E test in 52 strains. OXA-10, OXA-14, VIM-2, IMP-1, GES-1 and ABC transporter permease gene were detected 5, 4, 4, 2, 26 and 87 samples respectively, by molecular methods and sequencing. Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health problem in our country, as well as all over the world. Therefore, the antibiotic resistance mechanisms should be known and prevent the development of resistance. Strains carrying genes encoding beta lactamases and detection of beta lactamases leads the selection of antibiotics used in the treatment of infectious diseases, treatment follow-up, the prevention of infectious diseases and the development of infection control programme.