One-way electric vehicle carsharing in an urban area with vehicle-to-grid option

The petroleum, which is the primal energy resource of transportation, is expected to deplete in a close future. Also, financial risks for petroleum importers and greenhouse gas emission's negative impact on global climate force to search alternative energy resources. Among alternatives, electicty has become serious option due to increasing popularity of electric vehicle. Number of units used across the globe exceeding million, electric vehicles can be means of transportation by short term renting from electic vehicle fleet operator apart from individual use. The operator can simply makes profit from one-way vehicle renting, which is picking a vehicle from one point and leaving it on another point. It arises a question of whether selling excess electicity in batteries is profitable. To sell excess electricity, the operator decides the amount in day-ahead electricity market and the next day it is obliged to provide the amount promised. In the day, the operator makes revenue from renting electic vehicles and selling electricity to grid and considers the costs of charging, relocation, usage of electic vehicles to maximize profit. This study consist of two models that decides the amount of electricity to be sold and manages daily operations of electric vehicle fleet. By using these models, expected and realized profit from electricity selling, known and unknown scenarios of electricity prices and loss of customers who want to rent electric vehicles are examined. To test models, transportation dataset of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality is used and the data required is arranged according to structure of models. According to the results, selling excess electricity can create extra profit for fleet operator. Besides, sensitivity analyses for electic vehicle, renting prices, relocation cost are conducted and they are compared with no electricity selling option. In light of these results, electric vehicles batteries are profitable tool in day-ahead electricity market and this study can be expanded to different areas of electricity market.