Turkish incursions into Iran before the Seljuks

Iranian-Turanian, also known as Persian-Turkish relations have continued almost since the existence of the two communities. In the Avesta, the oldest of the Persian sources and a sacred text, the representation of evil Afrasyab and his country Turan are in an important position. In the Avesta, Afrasyab killed the Persian king Siyavush, whereupon Khosrow killed Afrasyab with the help of the holy forces and avenged his father. If we come to our main subject, relations based on sources other than mythological works date back to BC. It started with the arrival of the Scythians to Asia Minor in the first centuries of the millennium BC. With the arrival of the Scythians to Asia Minor, the peoples here were introduced to equestrian methods and "Scythian arrows" that they had never seen before. B.C. King Kyakeres of Med, who fought against the Assyrians in 641, encountered the Scythian communities that flocked to Anatolia and Mesopotamia and pushed them westward. Again, the role of Cimmerians and Scythians in the wars and tribal migrations that took place in the region during these periods. They have brought about development in the cultural assets of the local people in the region where they settled. There is no information other than these records about the Meds. The Persians (Achaemenid), who seized power after the Medes, had a lot of relations with the Turks. The main founder of this empire, Darius (550-486 BC), had the monumental inscription of Bîhust written in three languages - Persian, Babylonian and Scythian - which shows how high the relations were. Again, in the inscription of Darius I found in Naqş-ı Rüstem, three different Turkish-Scythian communities are mentioned. In this period, apart from cultural relations, it has a great importance in wars. The most important of these is the It is the war against the Saka communities, led by the queen Tomris, in 530. In this war, the Persian ruler Kurosh was killed. In the following years, wars with the Scythian-Saka communities continued. There is no information about Turkish invasions during the Seleucid period, which was established instead of the Persian Empire, which was destroyed after the invasion of Alexander. The Parthian (Eshkani) dynasty, which is claimed to have Turan origins after the Seleucids, dominated the Iranian geography from 240 AD. He ruled until 226. His relations with the Turks started when he was still in the establishment phase, and he had been in wars apart from good relations. Especially from the northern borders, he survived the dangers related to Kushan, Alan, Huns and Khazars, therefore he was constantly on the alert. Relations with Sassanid, who took the power by ending the power of the parties, became permanent. In this period, there has been a network of relations with wars, kinship relations, trade and even by initiating the destruction of the Sassanids. The Sassanids established relations with many Turkish communities and their states. Saka-Scythian communities, Kushans, Akhun-Ephtalit, Gokturks are the leading among them. After the Sassanids were destroyed by the Islamic armies, there was no movement in the region regarding Turkish invasions. Because the strong Umayyad administration established relations with the Turks outside the Iranian geography. Perhaps the other reason for this may be the absence of a strong Turkish state at that time. The Abbasids, who came to power after the Umayyads, became debilitated after a while, and dynasties such as Tahiris, Saffarids, Samanids, Buyids, Simjuris, Karakhanids and Ghaznavids emerged in the Iranian geography and emirates were established to rule Khorasan independently from the Abbasids. Of these emirates, especially the Karakhanids and Ghaznavids were more dominant, and they continued their dominance with the Seljuks becoming a power in the region. After 1040, the Seljuks made these two states accept their dominance and soon dominated the entire Iranian geography.