Serbest azot fikse eden bakterileri içeren biyogübre kullanımının ürün yetiştiriciliğinde azot yönetimi

Chemical overfertilization, driven by the increasing demand for food, has a detrimental impact on the environment and soil health. Sustainable agricultural practices necessitate the implementation of eco-friendly approaches. Biofertilizers containing free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms offer a promising alternative in this regard. Biofertilizers can be applied independently or in conjunction with chemical fertilizers, but this approach requires understanding of optimal dosages, fertilizer ratios, appropriate application timing, and crop-specific responses to combined treatments. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of using biofertilizer as a supplement to chemical fertilizers on key physicochemical, physiological, and biochemical parameters of soil and plants. The research comprised two experiments: a field experiment conducted with wheat and a controlled maize pot experiment. Parameters such as nitrogen content in soil and plants, photosynthetic parameters, soluble protein levels, and antiradical (DPPH) activity of the treatments were observed. In the wheat field experiment, the application of Nuptak biofertilizer at a dose of 1 kg/ha resulted in a twofold increase in ammonium nitrogen content compared to the control treatment. Supplementation with Nuptak biofertilizer stimulated the photosynthetic rate in wheat leaves without affecting total chlorophyll content. The use of Nuptak biofertilizer helped compensate for productivity loss caused by suboptimal fertilization; for instance, at a 50% fertilization rate, the yield only decreased by 12%. In the maize pot experiment, biofertilizer application increased soil respiration and ammonium content. The inoculation with the Priestia megaterium CB2001 strain requires further investigation to assess the effects of the biofertilizer. Overall, the study highlights the potential benefits of using biofertilizers as supplements to chemical fertilizers, as they positively influence soil and plant parameters and can help mitigate the negative consequences of suboptimal fertilization practices