Al-Taftāzānī's criticism to Mu'tazilah on the Basis of Sharh al-Aqāid

Among the works written in the field of aqāid, al-Taftāzānī 's Sharh al-Aqāid was the most influential on Muslims from past to present. From the beginning to the end of this work, which he wrote in a medium volume, the author makes his scientific struggle primarily against the Mu'tazilah, while he occasionally touches on and answers the opposing views of sects such as Mujassimah, Karramiyyah, Jabriyyah and Shī'a. With this research, we hoped to better understand Ahl al-Sunnah's belief which the majority of Muslims have held since the Companions' time, in light of al-Taftāzānī's explanations, as well as comparing how the opinions attributed to Mu'tazilah were carried down in their own sources. We divided the contentious matters between the two sects into two portions in Sharh al-Aqāid. While we used Sharh al-Aqāid to order the themes in general, we preferred the composition of Sharh al-Maqāsid for the two-part distribution. We gave brief information about the effect of al-Taftāzānī and Sharh al-Aqāid on Muslims from history to the present in the introduction section of the thesis, after mentioning the subject, purpose, importance, method and sources of the study. We also mentioned the five principles and rationality of Mu'tazilah. We examined the subjects related to Allah's attributes and the actions of the servants who are closely related to these attributes in the first chapter, titled "theology." In the second part, titled "prophecy and hereafter", we discussed issues such as the murtakib-i kabir and the relationship between faith and deeds, as well as the issues related to prophecy and the hereafter. We observed that the views attributed to Mu'tazilah in Sharh al-Aqāid by al-Taftāzānī were generally consistent with the views they defended in their own sources. We observed that al-Taftāzānī formed his answers and criticisms with the method of scientific criticism, and avoided the insulting. His first criticism of the Mu'tazilah in his work is related to the attitude of some Mu'tazilites that caused the Mihnah event. The main criticisms are that they were the first sect to establish rules that contradicted the Sunnah and the principles followed by the Companions community, that they went to extremes in theology, that they followed the method of philosophers in many of the principles of belief and were influenced by them, that they thought poorly about Allah and judged Him by comparing Allah to His servants.