Law enforcement agencies as an actor in the global governance of cyber ​​security: Cases of Türkiye, France and the USA

Cybersecurity and governance are relatively new concepts in international relations. The traditional concept of security has undergone significant changes with globalization, leading to the emergence of various security subfields such as environmental security, economic security, and cybersecurity. Alongside states, new actors such as international organizations, non-governmental organizations, multinational corporations, and experts in the field have become influential in the international security environment. With the diversification of actors and the introduction of new dialogue and solution mechanisms, global governance has manifested itself in different areas. Cybersecurity, which stands out as a crucial component of the international security environment, brings asymmetric threats to the agenda. In combating these threats, issues such as partnership, multidimensionality, cooperation, and coordination within the framework of global governance are of great importance. The resolution of the multidimensional issues and challenges arising within the scope of cybersecurity increasingly relies on various actors, among which law enforcement agencies have gained significance. Law enforcement agencies, responsible for maintaining internal security, engage in global efforts and partnerships to combat rising cyber threats, ensure institutional cybersecurity, and stay up to date with emerging information technologies. At this point, considering the growing necessity of internet access and the increasing interdependencies it fosters, it is evident that global governance elements and expanding collaborations are crucial in the global society's fight against transnational and complex cybersecurity threats. This study aims to examine the role of law enforcement agencies in global cybersecurity governance through the cases of Turkey, France, and the United States. The Copenhagen School's multidimensional security approach serves as the theoretical framework of this study, providing a basis for analyzing the cybersecurity practices of the three countries. Cybersecurity and global governance, which have become prominent topics in international relations literature, will be explored within the framework of this school. Their historical development, increasing significance in the literature, and the diversified issues surrounding them will be discussed, particularly in the context of law enforcement agencies as key actors in this domain.